What you need to know about your dog’s anal glands

Quick takeaways about anal glands

• Dogs should naturally express their anal glands when doing a poo.
• Overweight dogs tend to suffer more from anal gland problems.
• A healthy, balanced diet is the best way to prevent blocked anal glands.

 

There’s nothing glamorous about dealing with anal gland issues in dogs. In an ideal world, anal glands empty naturally as dogs have a poo. But, unfortunately, this isn’t always the case.

‘Sometimes, dogs can suffer from one or both of their anal glands becoming blocked if they’re not being emptied naturally when passing a poo,’ says Melanie Sainsbury, veterinary nurse and educator for Natures Menu.

‘Blocked anal glands can be painful, cause severe infection or even burst if not addressed quickly.’

In this guide, we share the science behind anal glands, which types of dog are more prone to problems and what to do if you notice blocked or infected glands. Oh, the joys of owning a dog!

 

What are a dog’s anal glands?

‘Anal glands are two sacs found just inside your dog’s bottom on the left and right sides,’ says Melanie.

Each sac contains a strong, foul-smelling liquid. On the cuter side of things, this liquid contains a scent that’s unique to each dog.

‘It’s the reason why pooches sniff each other’s bottoms (and poops) when saying hello,’ says Melanie.

 

Why do they have them and what do they do?

‘Anal glands are a natural way for a dog to mark their territory,’ says Melanie. ‘When everything functions normally, this process happens naturally when they go to the toilet as the poo pushes past the glands, squeezing the fluid out.’

Dogs can also release their anal glands when they’re anxious, stressed or excited.

 

What are the common anal gland problems?

There are various reasons why your dog can’t empty their anal glands naturally. Common problems and issues are:

 

1. Impacted anal glands

Anal glands can become full and blocked if they’re not emptied – this is what vets mean when they refer to ‘impacted’ glands.

Dogs need firm, healthy poos to create the pressure needed to squeeze their anal glands naturally.

 

2. Infection

If impacted or blocked anal glands are left untreated, bacteria and pus can build up which stops fluid from being released. This leads to swelling and discomfort.

 

3. Abscesses

‘Untreated, impacted anal glands can also lead to abscesses. Look for red, hot swelling around one or both sides of your dog’s bottom that’s sore,’ says Melanie.

Ruptured abscesses will weep greenish-yellow or bloody pus which can cause further problems. They can also be very painful.

 

What symptoms should I look for?

The quicker you can spot impacted anal glands the better. These are the signs to look out for, according to Melanie:

• Scooting or dragging their bum along the ground
• Snapping, growling, crying, whimpering or any other sign they’re in pain when you handle their tail or around their anus
• Excessive licking and biting around their tail and rear end
• Straining or showing discomfort when pooing
• Anal discharge
• Not wanting to sit down and/or inability to settle
• A strong, fishy smell.

If you notice any of these signs and you’re worried, speak to your vet.

 

Can anal gland problems spell a more serious issue?

Anal glands can become cancerous, so it’s always a good idea to get worrying symptoms checked out.

‘Any dog of any breed, size or age can suffer from anal gland issues at some point in their life. Dogs who are overweight are at more risk,’ says Melanie.

‘Look out for your dog paying more attention to their bottom than usual’ says Melanie. Again, chat with your vet as soon as possible if you notice any sign of discomfort or strange smell.

 

What breeds are prone to anal gland issues?

Some dog breeds are more vulnerable to anal gland issues. Research by the Royal Veterinary College suggests smaller breeds are more likely to suffer anal gland issues than larger breeds and crossbreeds.

Predisposed breeds include:

• Poodles
• Spaniels
• German Shepherds
• Hounds
• Chihuahuas
• Shih Tzus.

 

What causes impacted anal glands?

‘Diarrhoea, soft poos and constipation can lead to blocked anal glands,’ says Melanie. ‘The pressure of a firm, healthy poo is needed to help them express naturally.’

Chronic skin conditions, parasites and obesity can also increase the likelihood of anal gland issues. Similarly, if your dog isn’t eating enough fibre, this can lead to problems.

 

Should I express my dog’s anal glands at home?

The simple answer is no. If you don’t really know what you’re doing, you could cause more harm than good.

‘Instead, your veterinary practice nurse can often empty these for you professionally at a reduced fee compared to a veterinary consultation,’ says Melanie.

‘You can also chat to them about how you can prevent anal glands from becoming blocked again in the future and get tips on how you can relieve them at home – with their careful guidance.’

 

Should I regularly empty my dog’s anal glands to prevent issues?

Don’t express your dog’s anal glands manually unless advised by your vet. Ask their advice on how regularly it might be helpful to do so.

Leave your dog’s glands alone if there aren’t any signs of impaction or infection.

 

How can I help to prevent anal gland issues?

‘One of the best ways you can help to stave off anal gland issues is by making sure your dog has a healthy, balanced diet,’ says Melanie.

This will reduce the risk of related factors and give your dog the best chance of releasing their glands themselves.

 

Why is diet so important?

Healthy poos are essential for your dog’s anal glands to empty naturally. Loose poos or diarrhea won’t do the job and constipation can result in the glands not being emptied often enough.

Obesity is another risk factor, and a healthy, balanced diet is the best way to manage weight.

Feeding your dog a raw diet can help with all of this. Packed with fresh meat, vegetables and fruits, a raw diet has the fibre and minced raw bone content required for good gut health and will result in smaller, solid poos.

As raw food is also free from preservatives and additives, it is a great way to keep your dog’s waistline in check too.

 

When should I speak to a vet?

Speak to your vet if you’re concerned about your dog’s anal glands, or if you’ve noticed any of the symptoms of blocked or infected anal glands.

They will carry out a rectal examination to identify the issue and advise on treatment.

 

Anal glands and your dog - FAQS

How do I know if my dog needs their anal glands expressed?

Dogs will scrape their bottoms against the ground, avoid pooing or show discomfort when passing a poo.

They could also start to smell really bad – you might notice a fishy odour coming from their bottom.

 

What happens when a dog’s anal glands are full?

Full anal glands can cause leakage and discomfort and lead to a blockage, infection or develop into an abscess.

 

How often should you express dogs’ anal glands?

Only express your dog’s anal glands on your vet’s advice. We don’t recommend squeezing your dog’s anal glands as a preventative measure, nor if they aren’t showing any symptoms.

 

What should I do if my dog’s anal gland is bleeding?

Go see your vet as this could be a sign of a ruptured abscess or something more serious.

 

How can I get rid of my dog’s anal gland smell?

That pungent smell is a sign your dog’s anal glands are full. To get rid of it, you should speak to your vet, potentially empty the glands and then keep an eye on things going forward.

If your vet advises, you could gradually increase the fibre in your dog’s diet or switch their diet to balanced, healthy food like our personalised raw meal plans. This will help keep their poo as healthy as possible.

 

What are the best high-fibre dogs foods for anal gland problems?

Pumpkin, broccoli and green vegetables are great sources of fibre, as are berries in limited amounts. Check out our guide to high-fibre foods.

Raw food is also a great choice as it’s made from meat, vegetables and fruit.

   
Try our personalised meal plans with high-quality raw ingredients – including fresh fruits and vegetables – to help keep your dog healthy and happy.